Antisemitism_Jews

Illustration from an antisemitic children's primer. The sign reads "Jews are not wanted here." Germany, 1936.

— US Holocaust Memorial Museum


    What is mean by Antisemitism? Basically, the word Antisemitism means the prejudice against or hatred of  Jews. The Holocaust, the state-sponsored persecution and murder of European Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborates between 1933 and 1945, is history's most extreme example of antisemitism. In 1879, German journalist Wilhelm Marr originated the term antisemitism, denoting the hatred of Jews, and also hatred of various   liberal, cosmopolitan, and international political trends of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries often associated with Jews. The trends under attack included the equal civil rights, constitutional democracy, free trade, socialism, finance capitalism , and pacifism.               

    The specific hatred of Jews, however, preceded the modern era and the coining of the term antisemitism. Among the most common manifestations of antisemitism throughout history were pogroms, violent riots launched against Jews and frequently encouraged by the government authorities. The pogroms were often incited by blood libels which is the wrong rumors that Jews used the blood of Christian children for the ritual purposes.

    In the modern era, antisemitism added a political dimension to their ideology of hatred. In the last third of 

the nineteenth century, antisemitic political parties were formed in Germany, France, and Austria as well.  The publications such as the Protocols of the Elders of Zion generated or provided the full support for fraudulent theories of an international Jewish conspiracy. A potent component of political antisemitism was nationalism, whose adherents often falsely denounced Jews as disloyal citizens as a whole.

    The nineteenth century xenophobic " voelkisch  movement" or ( folk or people's movement) was made up of German philosophers, scholars, and artists who viewed the Jewish spirit as alien to Germandom the shaped a notion of the Jew as " non German". " The theorists of racial anthropology was provided the pseudoscientific backing for this idea. The Nazi party, founded in 1919 and led by Adolf Hitler, gave the political expression to theories of racism. In part, the Nazi party gained the popularity by disseminating anti-Jewish propaganda. The Millions of citizens out there bought Hitler's book that is Mein Kampf ( My Struggle or My Battle ), which called for the removal of Jews from Germany.

    With the Nazi rise to power in 1933, the party ordered the anti-Jewish economic boycotts, staged book burning, and enacted discriminatory anti-Jewish legislation. In 1935, the Nuremberg Laws racially defined Jews by " blood" and ordered the total separation of so-called "Aryans" and " non-Aryans", thereby legalizing a racist hierarchy. On the night of November 9, 1938, the Nazis destroyed synagogues and the shop windows of Jewish-owned stores throughout Germany and Austria. But right now this event also known as the Kristallnacht pogrom or Night of Broken Glass. This event marked a transition to an era of destruction, in which genocide would become the singular focus on Nazi antisemitism.

Resources

• Burleigh, Michael. The Racial State: Germany 1933-1945. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
• Wistrich, Robert S. Antisemitism: The Longest Hatred. New York: Pantheon Books, 1991.
• Ben-Itto, Hadassa. The Lie That Wouldn't Die: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2005
• Levy, Richard S., editor. Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2005.
• Parkes, James W. Antisemitism. London: Valentine, Mitchell, 1963.
• Poliakov, Leon. The History of Anti-Semitism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.